- #Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a pro#
- #Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a software#
- #Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a professional#
- #Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a windows#
Midtarsal break variation in modern humans: functional causes, skeletal correlates, and paleontological implications. The evolution of compliance in the human lateral mid-foot. Segment and joint angles of hind limb during bipedal and quadrupedal walking of the bonobo ( Pan paniscus). The spring in the arch of the human foot.
![running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a](https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6688186/bin/nihms-1533439-f0008.jpg)
Evolution of the longitudinal arch of the human foot. One small step: a review of Plio-Pleistocene hominin foot evolution. Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research. Economy and endurance in human evolution. Adding stiffness to the foot modulates soleus force-velocity behaviour during human walking. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Evolution of the human foot: evidence from Plio-Pleistocene hominids. This renewed understanding of the foot may improve the clinical treatment of flatfoot disorders, the design of robotic feet and the study of foot function in locomotion. By analysing fossils, we track the evolution of the curvature parameter among extinct hominins and show that a human-like transverse arch was a key step in the evolution of human bipedalism that predates the genus Homo by at least 1.5 million years. In the foot, the material properties of the inter-metatarsal tissues and the mobility of the metatarsals may additionally influence the longitudinal stiffness of the foot and thus the curvature–stiffness relationship of the transverse tarsal arch. We derive a dimensionless curvature parameter that governs the stiffness contribution of the transverse tarsal arch, demonstrate its predictive power using mechanical models of the foot and find its skeletal correlate in hominin feet. The underlying principle resembles a floppy currency note that stiffens considerably when it curls transversally. Here we show that the transverse tarsal arch, acting through the inter-metatarsal tissues, is responsible for more than 40% of the longitudinal stiffness of the foot. These debates centre on the medial longitudinal arch 5, 6 and have not considered whether stiffness is affected by the second, transverse tarsal arch of the human foot 16. However, the relationship between midfoot geometry and stiffness remains debated in foot biomechanics 12, 13, podiatry 14, 15 and palaeontology 4, 5, 6. The uniquely arched morphology of the human midfoot is thought to stiffen it 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, whereas other primates have flat feet that bend severely in the midfoot 7, 10, 11. To interface with MATLAB functions, the COMSOL application needs to be run in a web browser, while the MATLAB and COMSOL Server programs need to be installed on the same physical computer.The stiff human foot enables an efficient push-off when walking or running, and was critical for the evolution of bipedalism 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. For Linux ® Operating Systems, the programs xterm and csh are required. LiveLink™ for MATLAB ® is compatible with MATLAB ® R2015b and R2016a on all operating systems.
#Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a windows#
LiveLink™ for Excel ® is compatible with Excel ® 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016 on Windows ®.
![running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780128236659000080-f08-11-9780128236659.jpg)
The File Import for CATIA ® V5 add-on to the CAD Import Module, Design Module, and LiveLink™ products for CAD is only available for Windows ® 7, Windows ® 8, Windows ® 8.1, and Windows ® 10.
![running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a](https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6688186/bin/nihms-1533439-f0006.jpg)
#Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a pro#
PTC ® Pro/ENGINEER ® Wildfire ® 4.0 and 5.0, and PTC ® Creo ® Elements Pro 5.0 PTC ® Creo ® Parametric™ 2.0 (at least M100) and 3.0
#Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a professional#
Inventor ® 20, and Inventor ® Professional 20 For other included functionality, such as file import and geometric operations, see the CAD Import Module and Design Module table above. The bidirectional interface functionality of the product suite detailed in the table below is only available for the Windows ® 7, Windows ® 8, Windows ® 8.1, and Windows ® 10 operating systems when run together with the COMSOL Client. The COMSOL Client also requires that Internet Explorer has been updated to version 11 or later.
#Running model made in comsol 5.1 in 5.2a software#
In addition, many of the LiveLink products for CAD software can be used with the COMSOL Client. This gives simulation apps a look-and-feel similar to apps running in the COMSOL Desktop environment. Running COMSOL applications with the COMSOL Client for the Windows ® operating system utilizes Microsoft ® Windows ® components. The table below lists the earliest version of each browser that supports WebGL™ and WebSockets but we recommend always using the latest version of the browser for the best user experience. Recent versions of the most popular web browsers support the WebGL™ standard for 3D graphics and WebSockets.